Sunday, March 22, 2009
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton, (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727 [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727]) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian and one of the most influential men in human history.
In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth.
There is a popular story that Isaac Newton was sitting beneath an apple tree when an apple dropped on his head and this inspired him to create his universal theory of gravitation. The story is probably an exageration. In Newton's account of the event he was sitting at his window at his home, Woolsthorpe Manor and watched an apple fall from a tree in the garden which turned his thoughts to gravity.
Marie Sklodowska- Curie
Marie Sklodowska- Curie

Marie Sklodowska was a physicist and a chemist. She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity. She was married to Pierre Curie who was and instructor in the School of Physics and Chemistry. She died when she was 66 years old. She died from ‘aplastic anemia’ (a condition where the bone marrow does not produce new cells to replenish blood cells) because of too much exposure to radiation.
What inspired her in her childhood?
Marie Curie with her husband, Pierre Curie was inspired by the discovery of radioactivity by Henry Becquerel in 1896 which led to the isolation of polonium, named after Marie’s birth, and radium. She developed methods for the separation of radium from radioactive residues.
Why is her discovery important?
Her discovery is very important to some of us as it was also under personal direction that the world’s first studies were conducted into the treatment of cancer, using radioactive isotopes.
What are the challenges did she face in her life?
Her early researches, together with her husband, were often difficult as the laboratory arrangements were poor and both had to commit much teaching to earn a live hood. She also noted that as of that moment she had suddenly become "an incurably and wretchedly lonely person" after her Husband’s death. Pierre Curie died when was crossing a street and got hit by a horse drawn vehicle and fell under its wheels, fracturing his skull.
Done by:•○• ♠Nazheef♠ •○•
Saturday, March 21, 2009
THOMAS GRAHAM.

THOMAS GRAHAM.
(21 December 1805 – 16 September 1869) was born in Glasgow, Scotland. Graham's father was a successful textile manufacturer, and wanted his son to enter into the Church of Scotland. Instead, defying his father's wishes, Graham became a student at the University of Glasgow in 1819. There he developed a strong interest in chemistry, and left the University after receiving his M.A. in 1826. He later became a professor of chemistry at numerous colleges, including the Royal College of Science and Technology and the University of London.
Graham also founded the Chemical Society of London in 1841.
His final position was as the Master of the Mint, where he stayed for 15 years until his death. He was the last person to hold that position.
What inspired him in his childhood?
Opportunities for graduate Scottish doctors in the 1840s were limitet unless they came from a wealthy or connected background. Thomas had neither background, so choices for a medical career were few. His options would have been to work in a hospital and eventually go into private practice, or join the services. Perhaps he was inspired by his seafaring uncle who was also named Thomas Graham and served with Nelson. He had in fact been fortunate to work in his brother's Longtown practice, so had the experience of that life, but opted for a different and much more exciting career.
What makes his discovery important ?
In 1829 Graham published a paper on the diffusion of gases. Observations on this subject had been made by Joseph Priestley and Johann Döbereiner, but it was Graham who formulated the law of diffusion. He compared the rates at which various gases diffused through porous pots, and also the rate of effusion through a small aperture, and concluded that the rate of diffusion (or effusion) of a gas at constant pressure and temperature is inversely proportional to the square root of its density.
What challenges did he faced in his life ?
Thomas Graham was born in 1818, in the small Scottish village of Ecclefechan, one hundred miles south of Edinburgh, where his father was a merchant. A village notable for being the birthplace of Thomas Carlyle, the famous Victorian author, who became known as the "Sage of Ecclefechan". Both Thomas' parents, and several brothers and sisters had died by the time he was eight years old, leaving him in the care of his twenty nine year old sister Catherine, who assumed the role of parent/guardian, responsible for his upbringing and education.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Graham_(chemist)
or
http://www.cenart.net/thomasgraham/sitefiles/about/story.htm
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch tradesman and scientist from Delft, the Netherlands. He is commonly known as "the Father of Microbiology", and considered to be the first microbiologist. He is best known for his work on the improvement of the microscope and for his contributions towards the establishment of microbiology. Using his handcrafted microscopes he was the first to observe and describe single celled organisms, which he originally referred to as animalcules, and which we now refer to as microorganisms. He was also the first to record microscopic observations of muscle fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa and blood flow in capillaries (small blood vessels). Van Leeuwenhoek never wrote a book, just letters. Leeuwenkoek is often cited for his inability to control volume of his voice. Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) by Jan Verkolje | |
| Born | October 24, 1632(1632-10-24) Delft, Netherlands |
|---|---|
| Died | August 30, 1723 (aged 90) Delft, Netherlands |
| Residence | Netherlands |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Fields | Microscopist |
| Known for | Discovery of protozoa First red blood cell description |
| Religious stance | Dutch reformed |


Sir Isaac Newton was born on 4 January 1643. He was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher who is generally regarded as one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians in history. Barbara McClintock

Barbara McClintock was born in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children of physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock. She was independent from a very young age, a trait McClintock described as her "capacity to be alone". From about the age of three until the time she started school, McClintock lived with an aunt and uncle in Massachusetts in order to reduce the financial burden on her parents while her father established his medical practice. The McClintocks moved to semi-rural Brooklyn, New York in 1908. She was described as a solitary and independent child, and a tomboy. She was close to her father, but had a difficult relationship with her mother.
McClintock completed her secondary education at Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn.She discovered science at high school, and wanted to attend Cornell University to continue her studies. Her mother resisted the idea of higher education for her daughters, believing it would make them unmarriageable. The family also had financial problems. Barbara was almost prevented from starting college, but her father intervened, and she entered Cornell in 1919.
McClintock began her studies at Cornell's College of Agriculture in 1919. She studied botany, receiving a BSc in 1923. Her interest in genetics had been sparked when she took her first course in that field in 1921. The course was based on a similar one offered at Harvard University, and was taught by C. B. Hutchison, a plant breeder and geneticist. Barbara served as a graduate assistant in the Department of Botany from 1924 to 1927
In 1927, she was appointed as a botany instructor. In 1930, Barbara was the first person to describe the cross-shaped interaction of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. In 1931, Barbara working with a graduate student Harriet Creighton proved the link between chromosomal crossover during meiosis and the recombination of genetic traits. She published the first genetic map for maize in 1931, showing the order of three genes on maize chromosome 9. In 1936, she accepted an Assistant Professorship in the Department of Botany at the University of Missouri. In 1938, Barbara produced a cytogenetic analysis of the centromere, describing the organization and function of the centromere.
For her groundbreaking work in the genetics of corn, she earned a place among the leaders in genetics. Barbara was elected to the prestigious National Academy of Sciences in 1944. Almost half of the human genomes are composed of transposable elements or jumping DNA. In the 1940s Dr. Barbara first recognized jumping DNA in studies of peculiar inheritance patterns found in the colors of Indian corn. Jumping DNA refers to the idea that some stretches of DNA are unstable and "transposable," meaning they can move around - on and between the chromosomes. This particular theory was confirmed in the 1980s when scientists observed jumping DNA in other genomes. Now scientists believe transposons may be linked to some genetic disorders such as leukemia, hemophilia and breast cancer. They also believe that transposons may have played significant roles in human evolution. In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize in Genetics for the discovery of genetic transposition. She died in Huntington, New York on September 2, 1992. To this day, her work is relevant despite the fact that much of it was completed over half a century ago, before the advent of the molecular era.
Louis Pasteur

Famous Scientists- Thomas Alva Edison

Thursday, March 19, 2009
Aristotle

He was a Greek philosopher.
(384 BC – 322 BC) Long died by now, thats why no photo of him.
He was born in was born in Stageira.
He is student of plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology.
Aristotle History
He "says that 'on the subject of reasoning' he 'had nothing else on an earlier date to speak of'". However, Plato reports that syntax was devised before him, by Prodicus of Ceos, who was concerned by the correct use of words. Logic seems to have emerged from dialectics; the earlier philosophers made frequent use of concepts like reductio ad absurdum in their discussions, but never truly understood the logical implications. Even Plato had difficulties with logic; although he had a reasonable conception of a deduction system, he could never actually construct one and relied instead on his dialectic. Plato believed that deduction would simply follow from premises, hence he focused on maintaining solid premises so that the conclusion would logically follow. Consequently, Plato realized that a method for obtaining conclusions would be most beneficial. He never succeeded in devising such a method, but his best attempt was published in his book Sophist, where he introduced his division method.
Info get from the below link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle#Collections_of_Aristotle.27s_works
Terminator 4 (Latest Released)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yDcJaJ5TbI&NR=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXT3bU4kXls&feature=related
Mega Tsunami
Tuesday, March 17, 2009


Benjamin Franklin was restless and unhappy in the shop.
Colonial NewspapersHis fondness for books finally determined his career.
-More important, perhaps, he began to develop the theory of the identity of lightning and electricity, and the possibility of protecting buildings by iron rods. Using an iron rod he brought down electricity into his house, and studied its effect upon bells, he concluded that clouds were generally negatively electrified.
c) What challenges does he have to face in his life ?
-Benjamin Franklin was bound by law to serve his brother
-He ran away from home .
Monday, March 16, 2009
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911
Dutch physical and organic chemist
winner of the inaugural Nobel Prize in chemistry
born in Rotterdam, Netherlands
What inspired him in his childhood?
He was interested in science and nature, he frequently took part in botanical excursions, and his receptiveness for philosophy and his predilection for poetry were already apparent in his early school years.
His idol was George Gordon Byron. A British poet and a leading figure in Romanticism.
Why is his discovery important?
In 1874 he accounted for the phenomenon of optical activity by assuming that the chemical bonds between carbon atoms and their neighbors were directed towards the corners of a regular tetrahedron. This three-dimensional structure perfectly accounted for the isomers found in nature
What challenges does he have to face in his life?
His father was a medical doctor and did not want him to study chemistry but he went on and received his doctorate.
He suffered from tuberculosis. A deadly infectious disease that attacks the lungs.
He died at the age of 58 from the disease.
Done by: Yee Boon Kiat ( Winson Yee)
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoffhttp://www.google.com/
Sunday, March 15, 2009
Albert Einstein

(b) Why is his discovery important ?
Friday, March 13, 2009
Assignment Example: Jane Goodall

Jane Goodall
Background:
Jane Goodall was born on April 3, 1934 in London, England, where she stayed until she was 12. Then, her parents separated and she moved into the countryside with her mother. Even at the age of 74, she is still actively championing causes for the environment and has set up Roots and Shoots, an organisation that encourages youth to get involved and help the environment as a global community.
What inspired him or her in childhood?
(2) she had always dreamt of going to Africa, from books that she read on Tarzan, and from Dr Dolittle she dreamt of being able to talk to animals,
(3) she was innately curious about her surroundings in the countryside and kept discovering new things everyday,
(4) she also shared her stories with her encouraging parents. Once, Jane's mother was calling her in for dinner when she found Jane quietly sitting in a chicken coop, watching how chickens lay eggs. Jane had been there for five hours, fascinated and watching closely. Jane's mother joined her and listen closely to what Jane had seen over the past few hours.
Why is her discovery important?
(1) It increased awareness of communication between other animal species (e.g. dolphins)


(2) It made
people re-think the idea of what it was that made man different from chimpanzees, since chimpanzees can do a lot of things that man can do, such as using simple tools in their daily life (using twigs to scrape out food, using a rock to crack nuts, making a sponge out of leaves to draw water out of a waterhole).
What challenges does she have to face in her life?
(1) She had to pay for her own trip to Africa (which had been her childhood dream) by working and keeping two jobs
(2) Her family and many others objected to her idea of living alone among wild animals
(3)Her first attempt to observe closely a group of chimpanzees failed

(4) She suffered from a neurological condition that prevented her from memorizing faces and patterns
But she overcame all these problems through sheer determination, strong will and good planning and strategy.
Sources:
Assignment One: Famous Scientists in History
Teaching of Science through HistoryScience is not a static field of knowledge but a constant movement towards new discoveries. Science is also not limited to a particular culture but crosses borders of language, race and nationalities. Some of the greatest innovations of the past came from the Chinese who were the first to design the printing press and gunpowder, and the Arabs, whose discoveries on traditional medicine and astronomy contributed greatly to the field of knowledge for future generations to make even better discoveries to improve our knowledge of the world and quality of life.

(a) What inspired him/her in his childhood?
(b) Why is his/her discovery important?
(c) What challenges does he/she have to face in his/her life?
This is an online assignment. You are to post the scientist that you are doing on by Tuesday, 17th March and hand in the first draft of the assignment with all the questions above by Saturday, 21st March.
Thursday, March 12, 2009
Welcome to Sec 1E4's (2009) Fun Blog!
This blog is mainly for
(1) students to post individual assignments requiring self-directed learning on a particular topic as well as
(2) posting of extensions of topics that are covered in lesson curriculum.



